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I collect and, as a hobby seller, deal mostly in nonfiction books of an historical and academic type. If your experience is like mine, when scouting you're likely to run into a lot of stuff besides books. I ignore almost all of it, largely because I don't know enough about glassware or china or furniture to make sensible purchases - and those few times I've made impulse purchases, I've rued them later. But in the midst of all the other junk, you're likely to see shelves and shelves of VHS tapes.
Because DVD was the fastest growing technology of the last few years, we're now living in a weird interstice between dominant media technologies. Though many people have both, some have only DVD and some have only VHS players. There are many new releases available only on DVD and many old releases still available only on VHS. Then there is that strange place somewhere in the middle where highly desirable films and other programs are out-of-print or prohibitively expensive new in VHS but not yet available on DVD. Obviously, that middle place can be fertile ground for sellers, who in turn can provide a valuable service to collectors and other buyers, particularly those who are still VHS-only.
I've found the VHS drama, comedy, and children's markets to be especially saturated. Having no
desire to be a penny-seller and realizing that we're living through a renewed interest in
documentary films, with Fahrenheit 9/11, Super Size Me, and March of the Penguins recently scoring big at the box office and with critics, I turned to the nonfiction subjects that interest me and found a thriving market for documentary films and TV programs and other nonfiction programming on VHS. Applying my experience with the nonfiction book market, coupled with some understanding of the legal and technological state of new media, I've had some success finding and selling documentaries and other nonfiction on VHS. This article shares a lot of what I've learned.
The marquee names in documentary film production and distribution are: PBS, BBC, A&E, TLC, and the History Channel. One exception is National Geographic, a world-class producer of nature, natural history, and cultural documentaries. Generally, there are just too many copies of NG videos in circulation. (I'm sure there are exceptions to this exception, but I personally haven't found any yet.) The market for the bargain tapes - Reader's Digest, Time-Life, etc. like their print cousins, NY Times bestsellers and remainders - is saturated. Likewise for the generics - which often feature reused, public-domain nature or WWII footage - if they can even be sold on fixed-price venues like Amazon, which requires the tapes to have an ISBN or UPC in order to list in Amazon Marketplace.
This is one of those cases where the whole truly is greater than the sum of the parts. Buyers will pay more for a complete set than for the individual pieces separately - particularly if the set comes in a "housing box" or "slipcase" that holds all the tapes, but often even without it. This fact provides an additional advantage for sellers. If you find a broken set, it's frequently possible to complete it at a very reasonable cost -by picking up the missing pieces on eBay or Amazon - and raise the price of the resulting set considerably.
Scoop up the shelfful of "how to play" the mandolin tapes; pass on the Paula Abdul videos.
Forget the thousandth version of aerial combat footage that was advertised on a late-night
infomercial; do pick up something like Plane Crazy, PBS's three-tape documentary on the quixotic quest to build a new airplane in 30 days. Always take copies of the History Channel's "History of Magic" series, hosted by the enigmatic Ricky Jay; always leave behind Kathy Smith's "Step Workout" tapes.
It may be a personal prejudice, but historical and historically informed documentary films are for me the most interesting. And in fact they may also be the most profitable type of nonfiction video for secondhand sellers.
We've long been inundated with footage from World War II, the first fully filmed armed conflict
in history. From my youth, I recall the endless repeats of Victory at Sea. The abundance of historically interesting footage, likely available at reasonable rates if not free from the government archives, has proved endlessly tempting to public and educational cable TV broadcasters. It's not for nothing that the History Channel has frequently been dubbed the "World War II Channel."
Documentary filmmaking after the war spanned the gambit from The Titan: Story of Michelangelo
to Woodstock, from Jacques Cousteau's World Without Sun to Scared Straight
(all Oscar-winners for best documentary feature). If you are going to be hunting for documentary
videos, it wouldn't hurt to have a working familiarity with Academy-award nominees and winners
from the period. For example, I recently found an unopened copy of Barbara Kopple's
Harlan County, U.S.A. I remembered that she had won a couple of Oscars (including for that film) and was able to quickly sell that copy for 25-times its thrift-store price.
The 1980s saw a renaissance of historically oriented documentary filmmaking. Ken Burns began a
series of short films on quintessentially American subjects: the Brooklyn Bridge (1981), the Shakers (
1984), the Statue of Liberty (1985), and others, culminating in his 12-hour epic The Civil War
(1990). The Civil War reinvented the war documentary by capturing the events and emotions
of the bloodiest conflict in American history without the use of any moving pictures, concentrating
instead on contemporary photographs and the reading of contemporary documents and interviews with
historians. It also won two Emmy awards. Burns has gone on to tackle other big, American subjects
like Baseball (1994) and Jazz (2001). His videos, when you can find them, are almost without fail quick and high sellers.
Ken Burns's work was not the only important documentary filmmaking of the 1980s and '90s.
A group of talented African-American filmmakers, led by Henry Hampton, plumbed the depths of the
archives of the modern civil rights movement for images, footage, songs, and sounds to
tell the story of Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years (1954-1965)
(1987) and its sequel, Eyes on the Prize II: America at the Racial Crossroads (1965-1985)
(1990). These films, made on limited budgets and with 14 hour-long parts in all, won so many awards
and became so popular, not least as educational tools, that they totally swamped their original
intellectual-property licenses. That is to say, the producers, not expecting such an overwhelming
reception for their films, obtained the rights to use the underlying materials on only a limited
basis. The process of renegotiating and paying for new licensing rights has proved so difficult
that the films have never been released on DVD or re-released on VHS. Consequently, secondhand
sets of the original VHS release now routinely sell for more than $600. (This situation may not
last much longer, however, as the producers have recently received private foundation grants to
allow them to license the necessary materials and finish the DVD productions. See the articles
from Wired News listed under "Resources" below.)
One suspects similar copyright problems are plaguing
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, the eight-hour film version of Daniel Yergin's 1992 Pulitzer Prize-winning book. Despite its current topicality, it too has not been released on DVD or re-released on VHS. I recently picked up a copy for the usual thrift-store price and sold it for $200.
Even new treatments of old documentary subjects, like World War II, can be fertile
ground. HBO's docudrama Band of Brothers, based on Stephen Ambrose's telling of the
true story of a famous WWII airborne company from training
through D-Day to Hitler's Eagle's Nest, is a big seller now that it is available DVD.
Many Blockbuster and other video rental stores have begun selling off their surplus copies,
particularly of VHS tapes that have been replaced by DVDs. Last year before Christmas,
I picked up a couple of sets of Band of Brothers on VHS and sold them for around $100 each to people who obviously don't yet have DVD-players (because the DVD sets were selling for about half the price of the VHS sets). The prices have since settled down, but this is still a good example of the kinds of material to be looking for.
I've found this area to be a real hit-or-miss. Ballets, operas, and symphonic concerts are
tougher than not to sell. Documentaries about dancers, choreographers, singers, and conductors
are, however, much easier to sell. Leonard Bernstein is a notable instance - the subject, star,
and host of several programs about classical music, notably his "Young People's Concerts" -
his videos are always worth picking up. Jazz performances are a better bet than classical.
Popular music videos are all but hopeless. Stick to the more obscure, like Laurie Anderson's
Home of the Brave. (I've also had a little luck with a very obscure set of
tapes featuring British military bands.)
Fine arts are similar to the performing arts: big, broad treatments of the history of art are less likely to be valuable than focused presentations of particular artists or schools of art. Videos about particular museums (the more obscure the better) can do very well. I've always assumed that museum-goers who neglected to buy them while they were visiting are simply making good on obtaining a souvenir. (This rule can apply to events like circuses as well, although less often to concerts, which seem to get more copies into circulation thus depressing the price.)
Biographies seem to be ever popular. From George Washington to Erwin Rommel, from Theodore Roosevelt to Malcolm X, from Queen Elizabeth to Anne Frank, biographical films, like printed biographies, are big sellers. And, as those just-cited examples indicate, if your video features a figure who provokes interest in another popular field - American political history, British royalty, Judaica, World War II, African-Americana - then you've doubled your appeal, if not your profit. Keep an eye out in particular for entries in A&E's "Biography" series.
While incredibly popular on TV, or maybe because of that fact, such videos are more difficult to sell. Given the historical consciousness of fans, baseball tapes are probably an easier sell than most sports. Despite the legendary glory of the "NFL Films" production company, I've not found sales so glorious. One exception is those "video yearbooks" or other special highlight films featuring a particular team or season or featured game (like the Super Bowl) - given the right confluence of fan interest and out-of-print status, these can be quite profitable. As always, look for off-beat and unusual sports like jai-alai and kickboxing, but beware: some things can be too obscure. I once picked up a large lot of billiards tapes, thinking I'd struck gold, without realizing that they didn't have ISBNs or UPCs, making them unsalable on Amazon Marketplace, my main fixed-price venue.
Nature and travel is, in my experience, an extremely tough field (see the remarks on National Geographic above). If one studies the listings for such things, one can find a few better than average sellers, but I've yet to discover a rhyme or reason to it. The occasional offbeat mountaineering video will sell. The only other luck I've had with nature videos has been with a couple of tapes produced for public aquariums and zoos (see the comments on "souvenir" tapes under "Fine arts" above). Likewise, travel videos. These things have apparently been produced with abandon - so abandon all hope of selling them too. Even fields that are typically collectible in other media can be tough in video format: for example, I've not had one bit of luck with videos on trains and railroads, even with some seemingly rare and signed(!) copies.
Fitness and exercise videos are as played out as nature and travel films: there are hundreds of different celebrity instructors and systems (aerobics, dance, pilates, Tae Bo, yoga, etc.) and millions of tapes in circulation. Recall how Jane Fonda reinvented herself as a VHS fitness guru in the early 1980s. While you may be able to sell a copy of her original 1982 Workout tape, I wouldn't bother with any of the others. One exception is martial arts tapes, including tai chi videos; there's likely to be some salable material there.
Other instructional programs are a better bet than the exercise tapes. Look for tapes on "how to play" musical instruments, the more obscure the instrument the better. Seek out videos on uncommon crafts like enameling and other metal working - MindStorm Videos, for example, publishes several series of desirable craft videos, notably its Master Artisans series on ceramics - but leave the home-fix-it set behind. Some instructional dance videos, like those on ballet, might work. "How to do" country-line dancing probably won't. (Be careful of ballroom-dance-competition tapes: while they seem to fit all the criteria of obscurity and desirability for good sales, there are many, many such tapes each year that are locally produced and so won't be able to be sold on fixed-price venues that require commercial coding. I've never tried them in an open, auction forum like eBay and would be curious to know how they and similar things do.)
Academy Award-winners for Best Documentary Feature
Ken Burns's complete videography
Katie Dean, "Bleary Days for Eyes on the Prize," Wired News (Dec. 22, 2004)
Katie Dean, "Cash Rescues Eyes on the Prize," Wired News (Aug. 31, 2005)
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